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Low Pressure Vapor-assisted Solution Process for Tunable Band Gap Pinhole-free Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite Films
Published on: September 8, 2017
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Sustainable perovskite light emitters.
Yuxin Shi1, Seong Eui Chang1, Tae-Woo Lee1,2,3,4
1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea. twlees@snu.ac.kr.
Chemical Society Reviews
|October 1, 2025
Summary
Lead-based perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) show low toxicity, meeting standards. This study compares lead-free and low-lead options for sustainable commercialization.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Environmental Science
- Optoelectronics
Background:
- Perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) offer next-generation lighting and display potential.
- Concerns regarding lead (Pb) toxicity hinder the commercialization of Pb-based PeLEDs.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the toxicity and environmental impact of Pb-based, low-Pb, and Pb-free perovskite systems.
- To identify a sustainable commercialization pathway for PeLED technology.
Main Methods:
- Calculation of lead content in various perovskite systems.
- Assessment of toxicity against Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive standards.
- Analysis of material system strengths, challenges, and sustainability considerations.
Main Results:
- Pb-based and low-Pb perovskites exhibit low toxicity, complying with RoHS standards.
- Each perovskite system presents distinct advantages and disadvantages regarding toxicity and performance.
- A framework for sustainable commercialization, including ESG factors, is proposed.
Conclusions:
- Low-Pb perovskites offer a viable alternative to traditional Pb-based PeLEDs, balancing performance and safety.
- A comprehensive strategy encompassing environmental, social, and governance factors is crucial for sustainable PeLED commercialization.
- Further research and development roadmaps are essential for advancing perovskite materials and devices.
