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Detection of Extra-Pair Paternity in Captive Gentoo Penguins Using Genetic Analysis
Sora Shimura1, Yosuke Zaitsu2, Ryo Tadano1
1Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.
Zoo Biology
|October 1, 2025
Summary
Extra-pair paternity (EPP) was investigated in captive gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua). Genetic analysis revealed a low EPP frequency, suggesting studbook accuracy in avian species management.
Area of Science:
- Avian genetics
- Behavioral ecology
- Conservation genetics
Background:
- Extra-pair paternity (EPP) is documented in monogamous birds, including penguins.
- Understanding parentage is crucial for captive breeding programs and population management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the frequency and implications of EPP in captive gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua) in Japan.
- To assess the accuracy of studbook data using molecular genetic techniques.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of 10 microsatellite loci for parentage verification.
- Comparison of genetic data with 200 parent-offspring relationships from behavioral observations and studbooks.
Main Results:
- Three cases (1.5%) indicated potential EPP due to genotype mismatches.
- True fathers were identified in two cases, residing with the mother during the breeding season.
- EPP frequency in this captive population was lower than reported in wild populations.
Conclusions:
- Molecular genetic analysis effectively validates studbook accuracy for captive avian species.
- The study provides insights into the reproductive strategies and genetic diversity of captive gentoo penguins.
- Findings support the reliability of studbook data for managing captive penguin populations.
