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The complement system is a group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that strengthen the body's defenses against infections through opsonization, inflammation, and cell lysis. Opsonization involves coating pathogens with complement proteins, making them more recognizable and facilitating phagocyte engulfment. Certain complement proteins induce inflammation that attracts immune cells to the site of infection. Cell lysis involves the destruction of pathogens through the formation of a...
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Tissue transplantation is a significant medical procedure involving the transfer of cells, tissues, or organs from a donor to a recipient, with the primary aim of restoring lost functions. This procedure is crucial in treating a broad spectrum of diseases, including kidney diseases, liver failure, heart disease, and certain types of cancers.
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Updated: Jan 6, 2026

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Emerging roles for complement in lung transplantation.

Hrishikesh S Kulkarni1, John A Belperio1, Carl Atkinson2

  • 1Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA.

The Journal of Clinical Investigation
|October 1, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The complement system plays a key role in lung transplantation beyond bacterial defense. Understanding and controlling complement activation is crucial for improving transplant outcomes and organ availability.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Transplantation Biology

Background:

  • The complement system is a vital host defense mechanism conserved across species.
  • Its role in lung transplantation extends beyond antibody-mediated injury to influence alloimmunity.
  • Emerging complement therapeutics highlight the need to understand complement's role in transplantation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of complement activation in lung transplantation.
  • To explore when complement activation occurs, which components are involved, and how it can be controlled.
  • To assess the therapeutic potential of complement inhibition in lung transplantation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on complement system and lung transplantation.
  • Analysis of canonical and noncanonical complement activation pathways.
  • Discussion of therapeutic strategies targeting the complement cascade.

Main Results:

  • Complement activation occurs at multiple stages of the lung transplant process.
  • Both antibody-dependent and independent complement pathways are implicated in alloimmunity.
  • Several complement therapeutics are in development for transplantation.

Conclusions:

  • Complement activation is a significant factor in lung transplantation outcomes.
  • Further research and randomized controlled trials are needed to validate complement inhibition therapies.
  • Targeting the complement system holds promise for improving donor organ utilization and patient outcomes.