Eosinophilic myocarditis: case series and review of the literature

Eosinophilic myocarditis (EM) is characterized by acute myocardial inflammation due to eosinophilic tissue infiltration. It is a rare and underdiagnosed condition, which may be either idiopathic or secondary to vasculitides, hypereosinophilic syndromes, drugs, or infections. Diagnosis is based on laboratory findings, echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and may sometimes need endomyocardial biopsy. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and often consists of immunosuppressive agents and anticoagulation therapy. This case series includes nine patients with EM, specifically seven cases secondary to eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, one case secondary to acute lymphocytic leukemia, and one case of idiopathic EM, and aims to describe and review the diagnostic work-up and tailored treatment of this heterogeneous disease.