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Community-acquired bacterial meningitis in Southern Sweden 2013-2023: a population-based study of incidence,

Tobias West1,2, Robin Carlander3, Torgny Sunnerhagen3,4

  • 1Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. tobias.west@med.lu.se.

European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases : Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology
|October 1, 2025
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Community-acquired bacterial meningitis (CABM) incidence is declining in southern Sweden, primarily driven by Streptococcus pneumoniae. Vaccination strategies are crucial for further reducing CABM and addressing serotype distribution.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Bacterial meningitis remains a global health concern, with incidence and causes influenced by demographics and vaccination.
  • Understanding current trends in community-acquired bacterial meningitis (CABM) is essential for public health strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the incidence and etiology of CABM in southern Sweden from 2013-2023.
  • To analyze the serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis causing CABM in relation to vaccine availability.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective study of all-age CABM patients in southern Sweden (2013-2023).
  • Patient identification via cerebrospinal fluid test records and ICD-10 codes.
  • Calculation of age-standardized incidence rates using the European Standard Population 2013.

Main Results:

  • 244 CABM episodes identified; definitive etiology in 93%.
  • Mean incidence rate of 1.63 per 100,000 person-years, showing a declining trend.
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most frequent pathogen (46.7%), with 63.6% of cases caused by vaccine-included serotypes.

Conclusions:

  • Pneumococcal meningitis is the main driver of CABM incidence and trends in southern Sweden.
  • Further research is needed on vaccination's impact on CABM incidence and serotype shifts.
  • Identifying optimal patient groups for targeted interventions is crucial.
Keywords:
AetiologyBacterial meningitisIncidenceSerotypesTemporal trendVaccine-preventable

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