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Resident Physician Burnout in the Medical Intensive Care Unit: A Prospective, Mixed-Methods Study.

Hitesh H Patel1, Jean-Luc Banks2, Arianna Michaels3

  • 1University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia.

ATS Scholar
|October 1, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Burnout among medical intensive care unit (MICU) residents is extremely high at 88%. Key drivers include patient acuity, team dynamics, and the learning environment, necessitating targeted interventions for resident well-being.

Keywords:
MICUburnoutmixed-methodsresident physicians

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Physician Well-being

Background:

  • Burnout, defined by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced accomplishment, negatively impacts resident physicians and patient care.
  • While common in intensive care unit (ICU) healthcare workers, specific data on burnout in medical ICU (MICU) resident rotations is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of burnout among resident physicians during MICU rotations.
  • To identify the key drivers contributing to burnout in this population.
  • To explore factors that may mitigate MICU-related burnout.

Main Methods:

  • A single-center, mixed-methods prospective cohort study was conducted in an academic medical ICU.
  • Residents completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory and surveys on burnout drivers and mitigators post-rotation.
  • Focus groups were held with internal medicine residents to explore perceptions of MICU burnout.

Main Results:

  • The overall burnout prevalence among MICU residents was 88%, significantly higher than general resident burnout rates.
  • Higher burnout rates were observed in first-year (94%) and non-internal medicine residents (100%).
  • Key burnout drivers included patient factors (high acuity, adverse outcomes), team dynamics (interdisciplinary tensions), and the learning environment (work-life balance, steep learning curve).

Conclusions:

  • Burnout is exceptionally prevalent in MICU residents, exceeding general resident burnout rates.
  • First-year and non-IM residents may be more vulnerable due to unfamiliarity with MICU-specific dynamics.
  • Targeted interventions addressing unique MICU resident burnout factors are crucial for improving physician well-being and patient care.