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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics and Optical Engineering
    • Integrated Optics
    • Waveguide Devices

    Background:

    • Arrayed waveguide grating routers (AWGRs) are key components in wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) systems.
    • Conventional AWGR designs often suffer from non-uniformity and high insertion loss, limiting their performance.
    • Edge channel optimization is crucial for improving AWGR efficiency.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To design and fabricate a uniform, low-loss 4x4 silicon-on-insulator (SOI) cyclic AWGR.
    • To enhance coupling efficiency and reduce non-uniformity using edge channel input splitters and output combiners.
    • To demonstrate improved performance metrics compared to conventional AWGR designs.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of a 4x4 cyclic AWGR on a silicon-on-insulator platform.
    • Integration of input splitters and output combiners at the edge channels.
    • Analysis of field distribution and coupling efficiency in split/combined paths.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved a loss of non-uniformity of 0.4 dB across 16 input-output routes.
    • Demonstrated a 3 dB improvement in non-uniformity compared to conventional designs.
    • Reduced maximum insertion loss by 3 dB, with a minimum loss of 1.1 dB and crosstalk below -22.7 dB.

    Conclusions:

    • The novel AWGR design with edge channel splitters/combiners significantly reduces loss and non-uniformity.
    • This design offers a 3 dB performance enhancement over traditional AWGRs.
    • The approach is scalable to larger AWGRs and bidirectional devices for future optical networks.