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    Area of Science:

    • Quantum Communication
    • Quantum Networking
    • Optoelectronics

    Background:

    • Long-distance entanglement distribution is crucial for scalable quantum networks.
    • Current methods face limitations in supporting numerous users and extended distances simultaneously.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To experimentally demonstrate a three-user, fully connected quantum network for entanglement distribution.
    • To assess the performance and fidelity of entanglement distribution over significant distances.

    Main Methods:

    • Development and utilization of a self-made periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) waveguide.
    • Experimental setup for a three-user quantum network architecture.
    • Testing entanglement fidelity under varying conditions, including added noise.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved over 96% fidelity for the entangled state shared between users.
    • Maintained fidelity greater than 85% over 200 km, even with introduced noise.
    • Demonstrated improved fidelity with added noise compared to scenarios without noise.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed PPLN waveguide approach enables high-fidelity entanglement distribution in a multi-user network.
    • The network architecture shows robustness and scalability for long-distance quantum communication.
    • This work presents a novel experimental basis for future large-scale quantum networks.