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Advances in the interaction between gut microbiota and post-translational modifications of proteins

Lingling Zhao1, Hengqi He1, Zhaohui Luo2

  • 1Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China; Clinical Research Center for Epileptic disease of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China.

Microbiological Research
|October 1, 2025
PubMed

Insights

The gut microbiota influences host cell protein post-translational modifications (PTMs), impacting disease development. Novel strategies like single-cell omics and AI integration are proposed to advance research in this area.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Gut microbiota profoundly impacts host physiology through complex molecular interactions.
  • Protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) are crucial in mediating host-microbe communication.
  • Dysregulation of PTMs by gut microbiota is implicated in various host diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review the influence of gut microbiota on host cell PTMs.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which microbial metabolites and enzymes affect PTMs and disease.
  • To explore the reciprocal relationship between PTMs and gut microbiota composition.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review synthesizing current research on gut microbiota and PTMs.
  • Analysis of pathways linking microbial factors (metabolites, enzymes) to PTMs.
  • Discussion of PTMs' role in modulating gut microbiota abundance.

Main Results:

  • Gut microbiota significantly impacts diverse PTMs in host cells, influencing disease pathogenesis.
  • Microbial metabolites, enzymes, and the microenvironment are key mediators of these PTM changes.
  • PTMs can reciprocally affect the composition and function of the gut microbiota.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the interplay between gut microbiota and PTMs is vital for comprehending host health and disease.
  • Novel strategies, including single-cell/spatial omics and AI, are proposed to overcome research limitations.
  • These advanced approaches promise to deepen insights and facilitate clinical translation of findings.
Keywords:
Gut microbiotaHost metabolismProtein post-translational modification

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