Comparative methods to identify variations in membrane fatty acids reflecting microbial community differences

This study presents a novel application of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiling to monitor and characterize seasonal and spatial dynamics in the endophytic microbial communities of grapevine (Vitis vinifera). Using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection, we quantified selected FAMEs in leaves and stems from four grapevine varieties sampled across different seasons and farming systems (biodynamic vs. conventional). Our results show that plant organ type and season are the dominant factors shaping endophytic community composition and abundance, with spring leaves harbouring the highest levels and winter stems the lowest. This approach provides a rapid, cultivation-independent method for detecting shifts in endophytic communities, offering new opportunities for monitoring plant health, evaluating sustainable viticulture practices, and identifying conditions that foster beneficial plant-microbe interactions.