Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 16, 2026

Author Spotlight: A Non-Intubated Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery with Multimodal Analgesia and Sevoflurane Inhalation Anesthesia
05:39

Author Spotlight: A Non-Intubated Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery with Multimodal Analgesia and Sevoflurane Inhalation Anesthesia

Published on: May 26, 2023

2.2K

Bispectral index-guided anesthesia in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Dora Alexandra Carreira de Oliveira1, Júlia Dos Santos Monteiro2, Nickolas Ricardo de Macêdo2

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, Coimbra Local Health Unit, Av. Bissaya Barreto - Praceta Prof. Mota Pinto, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal.

Anaesthesia, Critical Care & Pain Medicine
|October 1, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Bispectral index (BIS) monitoring in pediatric general anesthesia reduces anesthetic exposure and speeds up recovery. This systematic review found BIS guidance beneficial for children undergoing surgery, improving recovery times and limiting volatile anesthetic use.

Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Pediatric Surgery
  • Neurophysiology

Background:

  • The bispectral index (BIS) is used to guide general anesthesia titration.
  • Conflicting evidence exists regarding its benefits in pediatric patients.
  • A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to clarify BIS efficacy in children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if BIS monitoring is advantageous for pediatric patients undergoing general anesthesia.
  • To compare BIS-guided anesthesia with anesthesia guided solely by clinical parameters in children.
  • To evaluate recovery outcomes and anesthetic exposure in pediatric patients.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library for randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
  • Meta-analysis of 10 RCTs involving 1028 pediatric participants.
  • Statistical analysis using R Software, version 4.2.3, with computation of mean differences and risk ratios.

Main Results:

  • BIS monitoring was associated with reduced time for airway device removal, shorter recovery time, and decreased PACU stay duration.
  • Lower end-tidal sevoflurane concentration was observed in the BIS-guided group.
  • The BIS-guided group spent more time with an adequate BIS, with no significant differences in anesthetic consumption or emergence delirium scores.

Conclusions:

  • BIS monitoring in pediatric general anesthesia limits volatile anesthetic exposure.
  • BIS monitoring is linked to improved recovery outcomes in children.
  • BIS guidance offers advantages for pediatric patients undergoing general anesthesia.
Abstract

Keywords:
Anesthesia, generalBispectral indexChildrenMonitoring

More Related Videos

Recording Brain Electromagnetic Activity During the Administration of the Gaseous Anesthetic Agents Xenon and Nitrous Oxide in Healthy Volunteers14:52

Recording Brain Electromagnetic Activity During the Administration of the Gaseous Anesthetic Agents Xenon and Nitrous Oxide in Healthy Volunteers

Published on: January 13, 2018

11.4K
Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy DISE with Target Controlled Infusion TCI and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea07:54

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy DISE with Target Controlled Infusion TCI and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Published on: December 6, 2016

20.5K

Related Concept Videos

General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
583
Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
602
Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview01:20

Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview

Inhalation anesthetics are drugs that induce general anesthesia upon inhalation. They work by increasing the sensitivity of GABAA receptors or inhibiting NMDA receptors, leading to a decrease in central nervous system activity. The depth of anesthesia can be rapidly adjusted by changing the concentration of the inhaled gas. Some common examples of inhalational anesthetics include volatile liquids like isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane and gases like xenon and nitrous oxide. Isoflurane, a...
1.0K
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
1.3K
Stages of General Anesthesia01:22

Stages of General Anesthesia

Various sedation levels offer significant advantages in facilitating procedural interventions for patients undergoing medical or invasive surgical procedures. These levels span from anxiolysis to general anesthesia, providing a spectrum of sedative effects to cater to specific patient needs. Anxiolysis reduces anxiety and is achieved through minimal sedation, enabling patients to remain awake and responsive while feeling more at ease during the procedure. This level can benefit minor...
1.5K
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia01:16

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

Intravenous regional anesthesia or the Bier block technique is used to anesthetize a specific limb or extremity. It uses exsanguinated or blood-drained vessels to transport local anesthetics or LAs to the peripheral nerve trunks. Lidocaine without vasoconstrictors like epinephrine is most commonly used for this technique. Other drugs used are prilocaine, ropivacaine, and chloroprocaine. Bupivacaine is not recommended for this technique due to its high cardiac toxicity.
One of the advantages of...
1.2K