Health benefits of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides: A review of potential cardiovascular protective effects

Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (GLPs) are a diverse class of bioactive compounds abundantly present in the mycelia, fruiting bodies, and spores of Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum). In recent years, GLPs have attracted considerable attention owing to their broad pharmacological activities and favorable safety profile. Despite advances in therapeutic approaches that have improved survival rate, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of mortality worldwide. CVDs are characterized by a complex pathogenesis and multiple risk factors, including hyperglycemia, lipid metabolism disturbances, and chronic inflammation. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that GLPs exhibit remarkable anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, while also exerting regulatory effects on glucose and lipid homeostasis. Additionally, GLPs have demonstrated therapeutic potential in ameliorating endothelial dysfunction, modulating angiogenesis, attenuating atherosclerosis, and mitigating chemical-induced cardiotoxicity. This review summarizes the fundamental pharmacological activities of GLPs and discusses their potential mechanisms in cardiovascular diseases, with the aim of providing a valuable reference for future research and clinical application.