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Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
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Accurate blood pressure assessment is crucial for diagnosing and managing various health conditions. To ensure the reliability of these measurements, healthcare professionals must adhere to standardized pre-procedural guidelines. These guidelines enhance patient safety and improve the overall quality of healthcare. The following steps are essential for obtaining accurate and consistent blood pressure readings, from using the appropriate tools to ensuring effective communication with the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 16, 2026

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Understanding and improving compound pressures in general practice: a realist review protocol.

Emily Owen-Boukra1, Ruth Abrams2, Tanya Cohen3

  • 1Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK emily.owen-boukra@phc.ox.ac.uk.

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|October 1, 2025
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Summary

Compound pressures like climate change and pandemics challenge general practice (GP). This study uses realist methods to explore these impacts and inform future health policies and support systems for resilient GP services.

Keywords:
compound pressuresgeneral practicepatient careprimary health carerealist review

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Health Services Research
  • General Practice

Background:

  • Compound pressures (CP), including climate change, pandemics, and financial crises, significantly impact General Practice (GP) services.
  • These pressures can be predictable or unpredictable, requiring flexible and agile resource management strategies.
  • Interventions to manage CP may lead to both intended and unintended consequences for healthcare delivery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of Compound Pressures (CP) on General Practice (GP).
  • To explore the delivery of effective and equitable patient care under CP.
  • To inform future policies, interventions, and support systems for GP.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing realist appreciative inquiry to gather patient and stakeholder input for programme theory development.
  • Conducting a realist review of empirical and grey literature.
  • Implementing three embedded studies within a review (SWAR) to evaluate methodological innovations, including the use of artificial intelligence in literature identification and data extraction.

Main Results:

  • (Study not yet completed - results pending)

Conclusions:

  • The research aims to enhance understanding of CP's effects on GP.
  • Findings will support the development of preparedness strategies and solutions for GP.
  • The study seeks to inform evidence-based future policies and support systems for resilient healthcare delivery.