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Enhanced fault protection coordination in wind-solar distribution grids utilizing improved hyper spherical search

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Summary

An Improved Hyper Spherical Search Algorithm (IHSSA) optimizes protective relay coordination in power systems with renewable energy sources (RES). IHSSA enhances system dependability and resilience by reducing fault clearing times and improving coordination margins.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Electrical Engineering
  • Power Systems Engineering
  • Optimization Algorithms

Background:

  • Renewable energy integration into distribution networks complicates protective relay coordination due to variable fault currents and dynamic conditions.
  • Traditional methods struggle with the complexities of modern, renewable-dominant power grids.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and evaluate an Improved Hyper Spherical Search Algorithm (IHSSA) for optimal relay coordination in power systems with integrated renewable energy sources (RES).
  • To enhance the accuracy and efficiency of protective relay coordination algorithms in dynamic and high-dimensional optimization scenarios.

Main Methods:

  • Developed the IHSSA by integrating dynamic adjustment mechanisms into the conventional hyperspherical search for adaptive exploration-exploitation balance.
  • Assessed IHSSA performance on a 220/6.6 kV substation model with a hybrid wind-solar distribution grid (10 feeders, 5 renewable generators).
  • Validated the algorithm's practical viability using a real-time hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) setup with OPAL-RT OP5600 and IEC 61,850-compatible relays.

Main Results:

  • IHSSA demonstrated superior performance compared to Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Genetic Algorithm (GA).
  • Achieved an 18% reduction in relay operation time and a 15% improvement in coordination margin under extreme fault conditions.
  • Reduced fault clearing settling time to 120 ms, showcasing enhanced adaptation to renewable energy intermittency.

Conclusions:

  • IHSSA offers a robust, adaptive, and scalable solution for protection coordination in renewable-dominant distribution systems.
  • The proposed method significantly improves system dependability and operational resilience.
  • The real-time HIL validation confirms the practical applicability of IHSSA in modern power grids.