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Efficiency And Productivity Of County-level Cdcs In Qingdao Municipal, China: A Retrospective Study Based On 6 Years Of Panel Data.

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Efficiency And Productivity Of County-level Cdcs In Qingdao Municipal, China: A Retrospective Study Based On 6 Years Of Panel Data.

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Efficiency and productivity of county-level CDCs in Qingdao municipal, China: a retrospective study based on 6 years

Chongyi Wang^1,2, Kunzheng Lyu³, Dan Lin³

¹Institute of Medical Information/Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100020, China.

BMC Health Services Research

|October 2, 2025

View abstract on PubMed

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

County-level Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCs) in Qingdao show improved resource allocation equity and efficiency from 2018-2023. Targeted policies are recommended to further optimize public health capacity and resilience.

Keywords:

County-level centers for disease control and prevention Data envelopment analysis Efficiency Gini coefficient and Lorenz curve

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Area of Science:

Public Health
Health Services Research
Health Policy

Background:

County-level Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCs) are vital to China's public health infrastructure.
The COVID-19 pandemic underscored the need to strengthen county-level CDCs, particularly in resource allocation efficiency and equity.
Optimizing resource allocation is crucial for improving public health outcomes at the grassroots level.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze six-year trends (2018-2023) in the equity and efficiency of resource allocation among ten county-level CDCs in Qingdao.
To identify actionable strategies for enhancing grassroots public health capacity in the post-COVID-19 era.

Main Methods:

Equity assessment using the Gini coefficient and Lorenz curve.
Efficiency evaluation via Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Bootstrap DEA.

Analysis of efficiency changes using the Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI).

Main Results:

Health resources in Qingdao CDCs generally increased from 2018-2023.
Personnel allocation demonstrated good equity in demographic and economic aspects (Gini < 0.3) but suboptimal equity geographically (Gini 0.3-0.5).
Average technical efficiency was 0.940, pure technical efficiency 0.995, and scale efficiency 0.944, with 50% of CDCs achieving DEA efficiency. Total Factor Productivity (TFP) grew by 6.0% (2022-2023), driven mainly by technical and scale efficiency changes.

Conclusions:

Enhancing equity and efficiency requires targeted government policies, including flexible staffing, increased technical personnel, and continuous training.
Fiscal efficiency can be improved by linking fund allocation to performance evaluation.
Accelerating technological modernization and innovation is crucial for strengthening public health service resilience.