Aging population challenges: enhancing healthy aging practices through virtual coaching systems

As the global population ages, society faces complex challenges in healthcare provision and medical service delivery. This study focusses on the potential of supportive digital technologies, with a particular focus on Virtual Coaching Systems (VCSs), to offer innovative solutions for improving healthy aging practices. Our research extends the existing Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) by incorporating three novel external determinants: subjective norms, health literacy, and information technology literacy. These additional factors provide a more nuanced understanding of the drivers behind technology acceptance among older adults, highlighting the importance of addressing the unique needs and preferences of this population segment.

Drawing on empirical evidence from a sample of 436 Italian individuals aged 60 and above, we develop a comprehensive framework and test a structural equation model that unveils the crucial role of exploiting diverse knowledge sources through VCSs in promoting healthy aging, ultimately contributing to the sustainability of national healthcare systems.

In line with the TAM, perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use have a positive and significant impact on the elderly people's intention to use a VCS. Subjective norms are not found to have a significant direct impact on the intention to use a VCS, while they have an indirect influence through perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness. Health literacy is found to have a significant but negative impact on the perceived usefulness of a VCS. On the other hand, it positively and significantly affects perceived ease of use. Finally, the results of the analysis provide support for the positive relationship between information technology literacy and perceived ease of use.

Our findings offer valuable insights for healthcare researchers, policymakers, professionals, and digital solution providers in developing targeted strategies and interventions to support the health and well-being of the aging population. This study emphasizes the need for a collaborative approach among stakeholders to harness the potential of VCSs in addressing the multifaceted challenges arising from population aging, ultimately enhancing the quality of life for older individuals and promoting the sustainability of healthcare systems worldwide.