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Area of Science:

  • Law Enforcement and Public Health
  • Substance Use Disorder Interventions
  • Criminal Justice Research

Background:

  • Substance use deflection programs aim to divert individuals with substance use disorders from the criminal justice system.
  • Understanding police officers' perspectives is crucial for the successful implementation and sustainability of these programs.
  • Law enforcement agencies are increasingly adopting diversion initiatives as part of their response to the substance use crisis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the prevalence of police officers' beliefs in the effectiveness of substance use deflection programs.
  • To identify factors influencing police officers' perceptions of these programs' success.
  • To determine common barriers encountered during the implementation of deflection initiatives.

Main Methods:

  • An anonymous online survey was administered to law enforcement officers in Delaware in January 2025.
  • 111 officers from agencies with diversion programs completed relevant survey questions.
  • Descriptive statistics and logistic regression models were used to analyze officers' views and influencing factors.

Main Results:

  • A majority of officers (59%) believe their substance use deflection programs are effective.
  • Over 75% of respondents found these programs appropriate, feasible, and implementable.
  • Factors like "tough-on-crime" attitudes and shorter tenure decreased perceived effectiveness, while personal connection to substance use/mental health issues and larger department size increased it.

Conclusions:

  • Police officers generally perceive substance use deflection programs positively, supporting their effectiveness and implementability.
  • Commonly identified barriers underscore the complex societal issues that impact program success.
  • Support for deflection suggests opportunities for enhanced collaboration between law enforcement and public health sectors.