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Flight training and alterations in cortical characteristics.

Xi Chen^1,2, Qi Chu², Hongming Wang¹

¹The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience

|October 2, 2025

Summary

Longitudinal flight training significantly impacts brain structure, altering cortical characteristics in pilots. These neural adaptations occur in brain regions crucial for multitasking and sensory integration.

Keywords:

cortical characteristics cortical surface area flight cadets flight training gray matter thickness sulcal depth

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Aerospace Medicine

Background:

Piloting is a demanding profession requiring specialized cognitive skills.
Understanding the neural basis of pilot expertise is crucial for training and safety.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the effects of long-term flight training on brain cortical characteristics.
To identify potential neural adaptations associated with piloting.

Main Methods:

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to assess brain structure in flight cadets and a control group over two years.
Gray matter thickness, cortical surface area, and sulcal depth were compared between groups.
Correlation analysis explored the relationship between flight training duration and cortical changes.

Main Results:

Flight training was associated with significant alterations in specific brain structures.
The left rostral anterior cingulate cortex showed opposite structural trends: prominent gyri in the flight group and sulci in the control group.

Conclusions:

Flight training induces neural adaptations in brain regions vital for multisensory integration and multitasking.
These findings highlight the brain's plasticity in response to the demands of piloting.