Investigation of formalin gas-induced alterations in TP53 gene expression in quail respiratory tract

Formalin can be very harmful to the health of the quail's respiratory tract.

This investigation pioneered the examination of formalin gas's harmful impact on the gene expression of tumor protein TP53 within the quail respiratory system.

In this study, three groups were exposed twice daily 2-hour to formalin gas for 30 days, and the control group did not receive formalin exposure. Tissue samples were collected from the lung, trachea, and blood samples for intervals (10, 20, and 30 days), for gene expression, histological, and biochemical analyses.

Our findings showed significant disturbances in liver and kidney function, alongside pronounced pathological alterations in the lungs and trachea, characterized by acute pneumonia. Particularly, 5% formalin gas exposure consistently prompted an increase in the upregulation of TP53 gene expression in both lung and tracheal tissues over the exposure period of formalin.

These outcomes strongly suggest that TP53 is a valuable biomarker for assessing formalin gas exposure in both humans and mammals. The results also highlight the significant influence of 5% formalin gas on TP53 gene expression within the respiratory system of quails, with a clear dependence on the length of exposure. Consequently, this study confirmed the potential of evidence that TP53 gene expression is a biomarker for assessing the carcinogenic risks associated with formalin gas exposure in both humans and animals.