[New diagnostic criteria 2024 for multiple sclerosis]

With the aim of evaluating the proposed revision to the diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis, this article explores a selection of recent studies that have significantly contributed to increase the accuracy of diagnosis, introducing new neuroimaging markers, with special focus in pediatric patients. The following changes have been introduced to the 2024 revision of multiple sclerosis diagnostic criteria: optic nerve as the 5th central nervous system topography, specific cases with radiologically isolated syndromes at risk of future relapses, now considered as having multiple sclerosis, and the diagnostic power of lesions with central vein sign, paramagnetic rim lesions, and cortical lesions. Finally, the 2024 revised criteria refined the diagnostic work-up of pediatric onset multiple sclerosis by introducing the antibody testing for myelin oligodendrocytes glycoprotein in patients younger than 12 years.