Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Satellite Stem Cells and Muscular Dystrophy01:21

Satellite Stem Cells and Muscular Dystrophy

2.3K
Satellite stem cells or myosatellite cells are quiescent stem cells that Alexander Mauro first identified in 1961. These cells are located between the sarcolemma, the plasma membrane of muscle fibers, and the basal lamina, the connective tissue sheath covering it. These mononucleated cells are activated in response to muscle injury, can transform into myoblasts, and may form or repair muscle fibers. Myosatellite cells can provide additional myonuclei for muscle regeneration or return to a...
2.3K
Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle01:28

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle

1.6K
The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
Musculoskeletal disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders involve injuries and conditions affecting the skeletal muscles and associated connective tissues. These disorders can arise from acute biomechanical stresses or chronic overuse and can occur across different age groups. Common injuries include sprains, fractures, and muscular strains, often resulting from...
1.6K
Cross-bridge Cycle01:26

Cross-bridge Cycle

121.9K
As muscle contracts, the overlap between the thin and thick filaments increases, decreasing the length of the sarcomere—the contractile unit of the muscle—using energy in the form of ATP. At the molecular level, this is a cyclic, multistep process that involves binding and hydrolysis of ATP, and movement of actin by myosin.
121.9K
Directly Acting Muscle Relaxants: Dantrolene and Botulinum Toxin01:26

Directly Acting Muscle Relaxants: Dantrolene and Botulinum Toxin

1.1K
Directly acting muscle relaxants like dantrolene and botulinum toxin (BoNT) have distinct mechanisms and applications. Dantrolene, a hydantoin derivative, acts on the ryanodine receptor (RYR1) in skeletal muscle cells. RYR1 are calcium channels present at the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane. In response to excitation, they release calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to the cytosol. Calcium promotes actin-myosin-mediated contraction of muscles.
The binding of dantrolene to the RYR1...
1.1K
Muscle Contraction01:10

Muscle Contraction

8.6K
In skeletal muscles, acetylcholine is released by nerve terminals at the motor endplate—the point of synaptic communication between motor neurons and muscle fibers. The binding of acetylcholine to its receptors on the sarcolemma allows entry of sodium ions into the cell and triggers an action potential in the muscle cell. Thus, electrical signals from the brain are transmitted to the muscle. Subsequently, the enzyme acetylcholinesterase breaks down acetylcholine to prevent excessive...
8.6K
Muscle Contraction01:15

Muscle Contraction

95.6K
 
95.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

[Non-reversible hypertensive brainstem encephalopathy].

Medicina clinica·2006
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 6, 2026

Modeling Myotonic Dystrophy 1 in C2C12 Myoblast Cells
09:39

Modeling Myotonic Dystrophy 1 in C2C12 Myoblast Cells

Published on: July 29, 2016

15.9K

Myotonic Dystrophy.

Paloma Gonzalez Perez

    Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.)
    |October 2, 2025
    PubMed
    Summary

    Myotonic dystrophy (DM) is a common adult muscular dystrophy, often underdiagnosed. Understanding its genetic basis and shared pathogenic mechanisms offers hope for developing effective gene therapies for both DM1 and DM2.

    Area of Science:

    • Neurology
    • Genetics
    • Molecular Biology

    Background:

    • Myotonic dystrophy (DM) encompasses DM1 and DM2, distinct genetic disorders with significant clinical variability.
    • DM1 is the most prevalent adult muscular dystrophy, yet its prevalence is likely underestimated due to underdiagnosis, particularly in mild or late-onset cases.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To provide a comprehensive review of DM1 and DM2, covering genetics, pathogenesis, epidemiology, clinical features, and management.
    • To differentiate DM from other myotonic disorders and discuss electrical myotonia.
    • To highlight the importance of early diagnosis and the potential of emerging therapies.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of genetic basis, pathogenic mechanisms, epidemiology, clinical presentation, and management of DM1 and DM2.

    More Related Videos

    Isometric and Eccentric Force Generation Assessment of Skeletal Muscles Isolated from Murine Models of Muscular Dystrophies
    14:10

    Isometric and Eccentric Force Generation Assessment of Skeletal Muscles Isolated from Murine Models of Muscular Dystrophies

    Published on: January 31, 2013

    33.7K
    Immunolabelling Myofiber Degeneration in Muscle Biopsies
    06:37

    Immunolabelling Myofiber Degeneration in Muscle Biopsies

    Published on: December 5, 2019

    9.4K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jan 6, 2026

    Modeling Myotonic Dystrophy 1 in C2C12 Myoblast Cells
    09:39

    Modeling Myotonic Dystrophy 1 in C2C12 Myoblast Cells

    Published on: July 29, 2016

    15.9K
    Isometric and Eccentric Force Generation Assessment of Skeletal Muscles Isolated from Murine Models of Muscular Dystrophies
    14:10

    Isometric and Eccentric Force Generation Assessment of Skeletal Muscles Isolated from Murine Models of Muscular Dystrophies

    Published on: January 31, 2013

    33.7K
    Immunolabelling Myofiber Degeneration in Muscle Biopsies
    06:37

    Immunolabelling Myofiber Degeneration in Muscle Biopsies

    Published on: December 5, 2019

    9.4K
  • Differential diagnosis of myotonic disorders.
  • Review of current and emerging therapeutic strategies, including gene therapy.

    • Main Results:

    • DM1 and DM2 share a common pathogenic mechanism despite different genetic origins, offering a unified therapeutic target.
    • Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial, as investigational therapies may be more effective in milder or earlier disease stages.
    • Life-threatening events can occur unpredictably throughout the disease course.

    Conclusions:

    • Recognizing DM is essential for prompt diagnosis, symptom management, and preventing severe complications.
    • Advances in understanding DM pathogenesis are paving the way for clinical trials of nucleic acid-based therapies.
    • A multidisciplinary approach is vital for managing the complex, multi-organ involvement characteristic of DM.