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Persistent eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean upwelling since the warm Pliocene.

Patrick A Rafter1,2, Jesse R Farmer3,4,5, Alfredo Martínez-García5

  • 1College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|October 2, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Modern-like upwelling persisted in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean over the past 5 million years. This finding explains the reduced Pliocene cold tongue despite weaker trade winds.

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