Genome sequencing and comparative genome analysis of Clostridium perfringens of animal origin

Clostridium perfringens, a ubiquitous organism that has zoonotic potential, is associated with enteric diseases in humans and various animals, largely due to its potent toxin production and increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The present study involved whole genome sequencing and comparative genomic analysis of four C. perfringens isolates (from pig, dog, and cattle) collected in Tamil Nadu, India, along with 133 global strains of animal origin. The phylogenomic analysis revealed six major clusters and no correlation associated with geographic origin or host were observed. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) defined sequence types (STs) of two Indian isolates (ST126 and ST200) whereas the remaining two isolates were novel., Pangenome analysis indicated an open genome structure, with 18.28 % core genes and 81.72 % accessory genes. Virulent gene profiling identified widespread presence of plc, pfoA, and cpe, especially among dog isolates, suggesting potential zoonotic risks. wgMLST and MST analysis showed clustering of toxinotype F isolates from dogs and higher genetic diversity for other toxintypess. AMR gene analysis revealed tetracycline resistance as the most prevalent, with several strains harbouring multidrug resistance genes. This study underscores the genetic diversity, adaptive evolution, and One Health significance of C. perfringens in animals and highlights the importance of genomics in understanding host-specific virulence and resistance patterns for effective disease surveillance and control.