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Updated: Jan 16, 2026

Use of 3D Robotic Ultrasound for In Vivo Analysis of Mouse Kidneys
Published on: August 12, 2021
Innovative Technologies for Kidney Research: Three-Dimensional Imaging and Quantification
Sarah R McLarnon1, Pierre-Emmanuel Y N'Guetta1, Lori L O'Brien1
1Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.
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Image analysis has played a critical role in our understanding of kidney morphology, function, and disease. This analysis has been historically limited to visualizing defined regions within the kidney in two dimensions. However, in recent years, significant advancements in microscopy have facilitated three-dimensional imaging and analysis of large tissue specimens and, in some cases, whole organs or organism. The use of these microscopy techniques combined with tissue-clearing strategies has resulted in detailed, multidimensional views of complex structures and processes within the kidney. This review discusses advanced light microscopy applications and optical clearing protocols that have been successfully modified for use in the kidney. Furthermore, this review will highlight how quantification of three-dimensional images has been applied in the kidney and thus contributed to novel spatiotemporal insights.
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