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Listeriosis.

Olivier Disson1, Caroline Charlier1,2,3, Philippe Pérot1,2

  • 1Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1117, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, France.

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This summary is machine-generated.

Listeriosis, a severe bacterial infection from Listeria monocytogenes, poses risks especially to pregnant women and the immunocompromised. Further research is needed on its global impact and transmission to improve patient outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Food Safety

Background:

  • Listeriosis is a serious food-borne illness caused by Listeria monocytogenes, a versatile bacterium found in various environments and foods.
  • It can cause mild gastroenteritis or severe invasive infections, including maternal-fetal infections, septicaemia, and neurolisteriosis, particularly in vulnerable populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of Listeria monocytogenes pathogenicity and listeriosis.
  • To highlight knowledge gaps concerning the global burden, population dynamics, transmission routes, and host factors.
  • To identify areas for future research to improve diagnosis and treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Genomic studies have identified distinct lineages of Listeria monocytogenes.
  • Pathogenicity mechanisms involve resisting host defenses, intracellular survival, and barrier crossing.
  • Diagnosis relies on clinical signs and microbiological tests like bacterial culture or DNA detection.

Main Results:

  • Listeria monocytogenes exhibits significant virulence, with lineage I strains being particularly potent.
  • The bacterium possesses multiple strategies to evade host defenses and establish infection.
  • Current treatments involve specific antibiotics with no significant acquired resistance observed.

Conclusions:

  • Listeriosis remains a significant public health concern, especially for at-risk groups.
  • Further research is crucial to elucidate the global burden, transmission dynamics, and host-related factors.
  • Identifying novel risk factors and treatment regimens is essential for improving patient outcomes and managing listeriosis effectively.