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Intraoperative integration of nTMS, CCEPs and DCS for language. A glance to the next future?

Camilla Bonaudo1,2, Riccardo Carrai3, Edoardo Pieropan4,5

  • 1Univeristy of Florence, Florence, Italy. camilla.bonaudo@unifi.it.

Acta Neurochirurgica
|October 2, 2025
PubMed
Abstract

Keywords:
Awake surgeryCortico-Cortical-Evoked-Potentials (CCEPs)Direct-Cortical-Stimulation (DCS)Intraoperative monitoring (IOM)Low-grade-glioma surgeryNavigated-Transcranial Magnetic-Stimulation (nTMS)

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