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Related Concept Videos

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Types of Detectors01:15

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Types of Detectors

The role of the detectors in High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is to analyze the solutes as they exit from the chromatographic column. The detector recognizes the solute's property and generates corresponding electrical signals, which are converted into a readable graph of the detector's response versus elution time called a chromatogram at the computer. There are several types of HPLC detectors, each with its own advantages and limitations, depending on the analyte properties and...

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Polarization-Induced Multimode Terahertz Metamaterial for High-Sensitivity and Label-free Drug Monitoring.

Jinjing Zhang1, Ji Zhu2, Bingwei Liu1

  • 1Terahertz Technology Innovation Research Institute, Terahertz Spectrum and Imaging Technology Cooperative Innovation Center, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.

Analytical Chemistry
|October 3, 2025
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This study introduces a novel terahertz (THz) metamaterial sensor for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). The sensor achieves ultra-sensitive, accurate, and rapid detection of drugs like clopidogrel sulfate in blood samples.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) demands sensitive, accurate, and efficient analytical technologies.
  • Terahertz (THz) metamaterials offer label-free detection with strong analyte interactions but conventional designs suffer from modal limitations.
  • Existing methods face challenges in peak stability, sensitivity, and real-time error validation for TDM.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a polarization-induced multimode THz metamaterial sensor for highly sensitive and accurate TDM.
  • To overcome limitations of single-mode resonances in conventional THz metamaterial sensors.
  • To enable multiplexed molecular identification and quantification for personalized medication management.

Main Methods:

  • Proposed a polarization-induced multimode THz metamaterial sensor design.
  • Utilized orthogonal electromagnetic modes excited by x- and y-polarized THz waves.
  • Validated sensor performance using clopidogrel sulfate and human blood samples.

Main Results:

  • Achieved an ultralow limit of detection (LOD) of 3.0 pg/μL for clopidogrel sulfate, a 1000-fold improvement over HPLC.
  • Demonstrated over 95% consistency and 93.7% accuracy in human blood samples.
  • Enabled rapid detection with a 5-minute turnaround time per sample (post-pretreatment).

Conclusions:

  • The polarization-induced multimode THz metamaterial sensor provides a highly sensitive, accurate, and efficient platform for trace-level drug detection.
  • The sensor's ability to multiplex molecular identification and quantification supports personalized medication management.
  • This technology shows significant potential for revolutionizing therapeutic drug monitoring.