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Ectopic splenic tissue in 46 dogs, 2000-2024.

C Robert Stilz1, Ricardo E Mendes1, Claudio S L Barros2

  • 1Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory and Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation : Official Publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc
|October 3, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Ectopic splenic tissue in dogs, including accessory spleens and splenosis, can be challenging to differentiate. Histologic assessment is crucial for accurate diagnosis, with "ectopic splenic tissue" proposed as a more inclusive term.

Keywords:
accessory spleendogssplenosis

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Pathology
  • Canine Histology
  • Surgical Pathology

Background:

  • Ectopic splenic tissue, such as accessory spleens and splenosis, presents as nodules outside the main spleen.
  • Distinguishing between accessory spleens (congenital) and splenosis (acquired) is complex in domestic animals, with terms often used interchangeably.
  • Accurate differentiation is vital due to potential concurrent splenic lesions, including hemangiosarcoma.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate ectopic splenic tissue diagnoses in canine surgical biopsies.
  • To assess the correlation between original and updated histologic diagnoses.
  • To determine the utility of the term "ectopic splenic tissue" for canine lesions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of 46 canine surgical biopsy specimens diagnosed with ectopic splenic tissue from 2000-2024.
  • Histologic assessment focusing on fibrous capsule, smooth muscle trabeculae, and pulp architecture.
  • Comparison of original diagnoses (accessory spleen, splenosis) with updated diagnoses based on histologic findings.

Main Results:

  • The omentum and mesentery were the most common locations for ectopic splenic tissue.
  • Updated diagnoses favored accessory spleen (37 cases) over splenosis (9 cases) after histologic review.
  • Histologic diagnosis did not always correlate with clinical history or gross findings, supporting the use of "ectopic splenic tissue" as a broader term.

Conclusions:

  • Histologic evaluation is essential for accurate diagnosis of ectopic splenic tissue in dogs.
  • The term "ectopic splenic tissue" is recommended as a more inclusive descriptor for these lesions.
  • Differentiating ectopic splenic tissue from splenic masses like hemangiosarcoma is critical for patient management.