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Context rescales a social action code in a hormone-sensitive network.

Eartha Mae Guthman¹, Jorge M Iravedra-Garcia¹, Lucy Sirrs^1,2

¹Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, U.S.A.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology

|October 3, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Social behavior relies on context and hormones. Reduced gonadal hormones disrupt social decision-making, affecting how animals respond to different social partners and territories, but testosterone can restore male behavior.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Behavioral Endocrinology
Social Neuroscience

Background:

Social interactions are influenced by context (location, partner) and internal hormonal states.
The precise mechanisms by which hormones coordinate social actions within neural networks remain unclear.
Gonadal hormones are implicated in territorial behaviors, but direct evidence of their coordinating role is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate how external social context and internal hormonal state interact to regulate social behavior.
To elucidate the neural mechanisms underlying hormone-dependent social decision-making.
To determine the role of gonadal hormones in coordinating territorial behaviors and social interactions.

Main Methods:

Combined large-scale neural recordings with unsupervised behavioral quantification.
Tracked neural activity longitudinally across hormonal perturbations in male and female subjects.
Recorded activity from estrogen receptor alpha (ERɑ+) and ERɑ- neurons within the Social Behavior Network (SBN).

Main Results:

Social action patterns and neural dynamics differed across social partners and territories in both sexes.
Each social context exhibited a unique behavioral action code, with territory rescaling partner-specific codes in intact individuals.
Reduced gonadal hormones disrupted male home territory interactions, an effect rescued by testosterone replacement.
Hormonal perturbation selectively impaired territorial rescaling in a population-specific manner.

Conclusions:

Circulating hormones are critical for modulating the relationship between social context and social action.
Loss of hormones disrupts context-specific social decision-making.
Hormonal state influences the neural processing of social cues, impacting behavioral flexibility.