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Tissue Fluidity Mediates a Trade-off Between the Speed and Accuracy of Multicellular Patterning by Cell Sorting.

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Tissue fluidity is key for cell sorting and tissue patterning. Cells may naturally balance motility and adhesion to maintain optimal fluidity for organized tissue development.

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular biology
  • Biophysics
  • Developmental biology

Background:

  • Cellular organization into spatial patterns is crucial for multicellular life.
  • Adhesion-based cell sorting is a primary mechanism for tissue patterning, driven by differential adhesion protein expression.
  • The role of tissue fluidity in this process has been under-explored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate tissue fluidity as a critical regulator of adhesion-based cell sorting.
  • To develop a biophysical model integrating tissue fluidity and cell sorting dynamics.
  • To understand how cells regulate their mechanical properties for effective tissue patterning.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a minimal tissue model incorporating tissue fluidity and adhesion-based sorting.
  • Quantitative reproduction of experimental cell sorting dynamics using the model.
  • Analysis of the impact of altered tissue fluidity on sorting rate and accuracy.
  • Investigating the interplay between cell motility and homotypic cell-cell adhesion.

Main Results:

  • The model accurately reproduced experimentally observed cell sorting dynamics.
  • Changes in tissue fluidity significantly altered the rate and/or accuracy of cell sorting.
  • A critical trade-off between sorting rate and accuracy exists, dependent on the balance between cell motility and adhesion.
  • Cells appear to naturally couple motility and adhesion strengths to maintain sorting-competent fluidity.

Conclusions:

  • Tissue fluidity is a tightly regulated parameter essential for successful cell sorting and tissue patterning.
  • Cells may possess evolved mechanisms to co-regulate motility and adhesion, ensuring appropriate tissue fluidity.
  • Understanding this regulation provides insights into the biophysical basis of tissue self-organization.