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Influence factor and mechanism of FLASH effect
Tingyu Feng1, Tianyang He1, Wentao Ye1
1West China College of Clinical Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Frontiers in Oncology
|October 3, 2025
Summary
FLASH radiotherapy (FLASH-RT) uses ultra-high dose rates to protect normal tissues while maintaining tumor control. This review summarizes the mechanisms and factors influencing the FLASH effect for future applications.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Radiation Oncology
- Biophysics
Background:
- FLASH radiotherapy (FLASH-RT) is an innovative modality using ultra-high dose rates (>40 Gy/s).
- The FLASH effect demonstrates selective radioprotection of normal tissues, preserving tumor control.
- Preclinical and clinical studies confirm the FLASH effect, but mechanisms remain unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review the current understanding of the FLASH effect.
- To elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the FLASH effect.
- To identify factors influencing the FLASH effect in radiation therapy.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature review.
- Analysis of preclinical and clinical studies on FLASH-RT.
- Synthesis of data on mechanisms and influencing factors.
Main Results:
- The FLASH effect shows potential for normal tissue sparing.
- Mechanisms involve oxygen diffusion, reactive oxygen species, and biological pathways.
- Factors such as dose rate, dose per pulse, and tissue type influence the effect.
Conclusions:
- FLASH-RT offers a promising approach to improve radiotherapy outcomes.
- Further research is needed to fully understand and optimize the FLASH effect.
- This review provides a theoretical basis for future FLASH-RT studies and clinical translation.
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