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Bidirectional association between obesity and chronic periodontitis: Inflammatory pathways and clinical implications
Tsung-Po Chen1,2, Hui-Chieh Yu3, Wen-Yuan Lin1,2
1Department of Family Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
Journal of Dental Sciences
|October 3, 2025
Summary
Obesity and chronic periodontitis share inflammatory pathways, with obesity worsening gum disease and impacting treatment outcomes. Integrated healthcare and public health initiatives are crucial for managing these interconnected conditions.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Public Health
- Periodontology
Background:
- Obesity and chronic periodontitis are prevalent chronic diseases with shared inflammatory and immune mechanisms.
- Obesity triggers systemic inflammation, affecting immune responses and adipokine profiles, which can influence periodontal health.
- Chronic periodontitis contributes to systemic inflammation, potentially worsening obesity-related issues.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current knowledge on the obesity-chronic periodontitis association.
- To explore underlying biological mechanisms, epidemiological data, and clinical significance.
- To identify needs for integrated healthcare and public health strategies.
Main Methods:
- Literature review synthesizing existing research.
- Exploration of biological pathways linking obesity and periodontitis.
- Analysis of epidemiological evidence and clinical observations.
Main Results:
- Obesity exacerbates periodontal inflammation and disease severity.
- Obesity-associated dietary habits negatively impact oral microbiome and periodontal health.
- Obese individuals often show poorer response to standard periodontal treatments.
Conclusions:
- Obesity and chronic periodontitis are closely linked, necessitating integrated management approaches.
- Tailored clinical interventions and public health strategies are required.
- Further research is needed to clarify causal links and enhance prevention/treatment.
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