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Innovative 3D-printed dental teaching model for root canal treatment simulation.

Szu-Yu Chen1, Yu-Chiao Wu2, Jia-Rong Wu3

  • 1Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.

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|October 3, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new 3D-printed endodontic model offers realistic training for electronic apex locator (EAL) working length (WL) determination. This standardized model accurately assesses user proficiency, improving preclinical endodontic education.

Keywords:
Dental educationElectronic apex locatorEndodonticsRoot canal therapyThree-dimensional printing

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Area of Science:

  • Endodontics
  • Dental Education
  • 3D Printing Technology

Background:

  • Effective endodontic training requires realistic simulation of clinical procedures like working length (WL) determination.
  • Traditional training models using extracted or plastic teeth lack standardization and EAL compatibility.
  • Developing standardized, realistic models is crucial for preclinical endodontic education.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a 3D-printed tooth model with conductive properties for realistic EAL-based WL determination training.
  • To assess the model's reproducibility and accuracy across different user groups and conductive media.
  • To create a standardized platform for evaluating proficiency in EAL usage.

Main Methods:

  • Custom 3D-printed teeth with defined WLs (20.0 mm and 21.9 mm) were created using CBCT and 3D scanning.
  • Teeth were embedded in tap water or saline, and 36 participants performed WL measurements using an EAL.
  • Accuracy was defined as measurements within ±0.5 mm of the true WL.

Main Results:

  • The 3D-printed model showed high reproducibility across user groups and media.
  • Perfect accuracy (100%) was achieved by instructors, while trainees and students showed high accuracy (87.5-100% and 86.7%, respectively).
  • Significant differences in accuracy among user groups indicated the model's ability to differentiate experience levels.

Conclusions:

  • The novel 3D-printed model provides a realistic and standardized platform for endodontic training in EAL-based WL determination.
  • The model effectively simulates root canal anatomy and conductive conditions, aiding in skill assessment.
  • This tool bridges the gap between theoretical knowledge and clinical application in endodontics.