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Related Experiment Video

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Eye Tracking Young Children with Autism

Eye Tracking Young Children with Autism

Published on: March 27, 2012

Altered static and dynamic functional connectivity in childhood basic-type intermittent exotropia.

Mengdi Zhou¹, Qinglei Shi^2,3, Huixin Li⁴

¹Department of Radiology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China.

Brain Communications

|October 3, 2025

Summary

Children with intermittent exotropia show altered brain connectivity in visual and eye movement areas. These functional connectivity changes may help diagnose the condition and understand its progression.

Keywords:

dynamic functional connectivity intermittent exotropia resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging static functional connectivity

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Published on: March 21, 2019

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Ophthalmology
Medical Imaging

Background:

Basic-type intermittent exotropia is a common childhood eye misalignment.
Understanding the neural underpinnings of intermittent exotropia is crucial for diagnosis and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate static and dynamic functional connectivity alterations in the visual-oculomotor cortex pathways in children with basic-type intermittent exotropia.
To explore the relationship between functional connectivity changes and clinical characteristics.
To assess the diagnostic efficacy of functional connectivity metrics.

Main Methods:

Resting-state functional MRI was used in 44 children with intermittent exotropia and 37 healthy controls.
Regions of interest included primary, secondary, and higher visual cortices (BA 17, 18, 19) and oculomotor cortex (BA8).
Static and dynamic functional connectivity were analyzed using sliding window and k-means clustering, with temporal metrics evaluated.

Main Results:

Children with intermittent exotropia exhibited decreased static functional connectivity between the right higher visual cortex (BA19) and left oculomotor cortex (BA8), and between bilateral oculomotor cortices (BA8).
Increased dynamic functional connectivity variability was observed between the right secondary visual cortex (BA18) and left higher visual cortex (BA19), and between the left higher visual cortex (BA19) and right oculomotor cortex (BA8).
Longer disease duration correlated with increased time spent in a specific negative connectivity state.

Conclusions:

Aberrant static and dynamic functional connectivity in the visual-oculomotor cortex pathways are present in children with basic-type intermittent exotropia.
These connectivity alterations may underlie visual perception and eye movement impairments.
Combined static and dynamic functional connectivity analysis shows promise as a neuroimaging biomarker for diagnosing intermittent exotropia.