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The role of epigenetics in cancer: From pathways to the clinic

Abdulraheem A Almalki1

  • 1Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia.

Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care
|October 3, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Epigenetic drugs, which modify gene expression without altering DNA sequence, are emerging as promising cancer treatments. This review covers current clinical trials, benefits, drawbacks, and diagnostic roles of these reversible epigenetic therapies.

Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics and Molecular Biology
  • Oncology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Epigenetic modifications are heritable yet reversible DNA changes influencing gene expression.
  • Aberrant epigenetic patterns are linked to various diseases, notably cancer, by misregulating oncogenes.
  • The reversible nature of epigenetic marks makes them attractive targets for therapeutic intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current epigenetic drugs in clinical trials for cancer treatment.
  • To discuss the advantages and disadvantages of epigenetic therapies in oncology.
  • To explore the role of epigenetics in cancer diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of epigenetic drugs currently in clinical trials.
  • Analysis of the therapeutic potential, pros, and cons of epigenetic agents.
  • Examination of epigenetic markers in cancer diagnostics.

Main Results:

  • Several epigenetic drugs targeting cancer are progressing through clinical trials.
  • Epigenetic therapies offer novel treatment avenues with potential benefits.
  • Challenges and limitations associated with epigenetic drug use exist.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic drugs represent a rapidly advancing field in cancer therapy.
  • Understanding epigenetic mechanisms is crucial for both treatment and diagnosis.
  • Further research is needed to optimize the use of epigenetic therapies in clinical practice.
Keywords:
BiomarkersDNA methylationepigeneticgene expressionhistone modificationstherapeutic implications

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