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Role of frustrations in cell reprogramming.

Yuxiang Yao1,2, Jieying Zhu3, Wenfei Li4

  • 1Laboratory of Cell Fate Control, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310030, China.

PNAS Nexus
|October 3, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Artificial cell reprogramming involves inducing cell fate transitions. This study reveals genetic frustration is key to initiating these changes, with critical genes driving the process.

Keywords:
cell fatecell reprogrammingfrustrationgenetic networks

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Systems Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Cell fate transition is fundamental to life.
  • Artificial cell reprogramming can alter cell states.
  • Understanding induced phenotypic reshaping is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate energetic and dynamic features of cell reprogramming.
  • Model the transition from somatic to pluripotent states.
  • Identify principles of induced cell fate changes.

Main Methods:

  • Constructed a Boolean genetic network model.
  • Performed simulations and analyzed experimental results.
  • Examined gene expression profiles.

Main Results:

  • Genetic frustration plays a critical role in initiating cell fate transitions.
  • Ending phenotypic states exhibit minimal frustration.
  • Gene expression profiles show scale-free distribution, indicating critical genes.

Conclusions:

  • Genetic frustration is a key driver for cell reprogramming.
  • A small set of critical genes orchestrates cell fate transitions.
  • Provides insights into dynamic principles of artificial cell interventions.