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The Effect of Aging on Tissues

The Effect of Aging on Tissues

Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...

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Updated: Jan 16, 2026

Author Spotlight: Exploring Sex-Specific Glial Signatures and Therapeutic Leads for Alzheimer's Disease

Author Spotlight: Exploring Sex-Specific Glial Signatures and Therapeutic Leads for Alzheimer's Disease

Published on: May 20, 2024

Pan-tissue transcriptome analysis reveals sex-dimorphic human aging.

Siqi Wang^1,2, Danyue Dong¹, Xin Li¹

¹Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.

|October 3, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals significant sex differences in aging across 35 human tissues, impacting gene expression and alternative splicing (AS). Male aging shows earlier, larger transcriptome changes linked to sex hormones and Alzheimer's disease risk.

Keywords:

AS regulatory network aging alternative splicing chromosomes computational biology gene expression human sex dimorphism systems biology time series

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Area of Science:

Genomics
Aging Research
Sex Differences in Medicine

Background:

Complex diseases show sex dimorphism in outcomes, often linked to aging.
Mechanisms of sex-dimorphic aging across multiple tissues are poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To quantitatively assess sex and age contributions to transcriptomic variation across 35 human tissues.
To uncover molecular mechanisms underlying sex-dimorphic aging patterns.

Main Methods:

Systematic analysis of ~17,000 transcriptomes from 35 human tissues.
Evaluation of gene expression and alternative splicing (AS) changes related to sex and age.
Breakpoint analysis to associate aging rates with sex hormone levels.

Main Results:

Extensive sex dimorphisms observed in aging transcriptomes with distinct patterns in gene expression and AS.
Male-biased age-associated AS events correlate with Alzheimer's disease risk.
Female-biased AS events potentially regulated by estrogen receptor pathways.
Sex-dimorphic aging rates linked to sex hormone decline; males exhibit earlier and more pronounced transcriptome changes.

Conclusions:

Sex plays a critical role in aging at molecular and multi-tissue levels.
Identified sex-dimorphic regulatory patterns provide insights into age-related diseases.
Findings highlight the importance of considering sex in aging research and clinical applications.