Overlapping risk factors and pathogenic mechanisms in lung cancer and cardiovascular disease

Lung cancer and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are leading global causes of mortality, with growing evidence suggesting a complex interplay between the two. While traditionally viewed as distinct conditions, shared risk factors and intrinsic mechanisms, particularly inflammation, indicate potential commonalities. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the roles of endothelial cell activation, the mononuclear phagocyte system, and cytokines in the pathogenesis of both diseases, highlighting the central role of inflammatory pathways. Additionally, we explore the contributions of non-inflammatory factors, such as metabolic dysregulation and coagulation abnormalities, to disease progression. By identifying shared mechanisms, we propose novel preventive and therapeutic targets that could simultaneously address both lung cancer and CVDs. This review aims to deepen the understanding of the intricate relationship between these diseases and provide a foundation for future research and clinical strategies aimed at improving patient outcomes.