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An MRI-derived head-neck finite element model.

Hossein Bahreinizad1, Gustavo M Paulon1, Leonardo Wei2

  • 1Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.

Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology
|October 3, 2025
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Summary

Researchers developed a detailed finite element (FE) model of the head and neck using MRI data. This validated computational model advances brain injury biomechanics research and protective equipment evaluation.

Keywords:
Computational biomechanicsFinite element methodImage processingNeck contributionSimulation and modelingTraumatic brain injury

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Computational Modeling
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Accurate head-neck biomechanical models are crucial for understanding injury mechanisms.
  • Existing models often lack detailed anatomical representation and validation against experimental data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a biofidelic head-neck finite element (FE) model using MRI data.
  • To create a computational platform for advancing brain and head injury research.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of protective equipment in various impact scenarios.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a head-neck FE model incorporating scalp, skull, brain, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), dura mater, pia mater, cervical vertebrae, discs, ligaments, and neck muscles.
  • Utilized a novel brain hexahedral meshing algorithm and a scalp erosion model based on MRI scans of a healthy male participant.
  • Validated the model by replicating three experimental studies: Alshareef's brain sonomicrometry, NBDL's high-acceleration profile, and Ito's frontal impact cervical vertebrae study.

Main Results:

  • Segmented geometries closely aligned with literature data (within 3σ).
  • Brain displacement results showed good correlation (r=0.48-0.96) with Alshareef's study.
  • Head-neck kinematic responses strongly correlated (r>0.97) with NBDL's experimental results.
  • Cervical spine peak shear strain values were within 1σ of Ito's experimental data.

Conclusions:

  • The developed head-neck FE model is a validated computational tool.
  • The model effectively simulates biomechanical responses during impact scenarios.
  • This platform is valuable for advancing brain injury research and protective equipment development.