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Related Concept Videos

Sulfur Assimilation01:20

Sulfur Assimilation

Sulfur is an essential element in biological systems, contributing to synthesizing key biomolecules, including amino acids such as cysteine and methionine, and cofactors such as coenzyme A and biotin. Microorganisms primarily assimilate sulfur as sulfate (SO₄²⁻) from the environment, which must undergo a series of biochemical transformations before it can be incorporated into cellular components. As sulfate is highly oxidized, it must undergo assimilatory sulfate reduction to become...

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Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques
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Understanding Electrochemical Sulfur-Based Phase Evolution via Complementary Insight from Operando Spatially Resolved

Calvin D Quilty1, Ryan C Hill1, Mikaela R Dunkin1,2

  • 1Institute of Sustainability, Electrification and Energy (I:SEE), Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters
|October 3, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Lithium/sulfur batteries show promise for energy storage. This study uses operando EDXRD to reveal how sulfur converts during battery cycling, aiding future battery design.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Lithium/sulfur (Li/S) batteries are a promising technology for large-scale energy storage.
  • Key challenges include low power density and the polysulfide shuttle effect, hindering practical application.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the electrochemical mechanisms of Li/S batteries using advanced operando techniques.
  • To understand the phase transformations of sulfur during battery cycling.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized operando energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDXRD) for real-time monitoring of Li/S electrochemistry.
  • Employed complementary operando synchrotron-based EDXRD, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), X-ray powder diffraction (XPD), and ex situ Raman spectroscopy.

Main Results:

  • Observed the conversion of α-S8 to Li2Sx polysulfide phases during battery discharge.
  • Documented the conversion back to β-S8 during the charging process.

Conclusions:

  • Gained fundamental insights into sulfur reduction and oxidation mechanisms in Li/S batteries.
  • This understanding is crucial for advancing next-generation Li/S battery performance and material design.