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Precise Decoupling of Biomass Components to Engineer Hard Carbon Microcrystalline Architecture for Enhanced
Yixiang Zhang1, Zeren Zhou1, Qiaoyan Lin1
1School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.
Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|October 3, 2025
Summary
This study presents a sustainable method for creating hard carbon anodes from bamboo for sodium-ion batteries. The eco-friendly process improves sodium storage performance and enables efficient biomass utilization.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Electrochemistry
- Sustainable Chemistry
Background:
- Hard carbon (HC) anodes are crucial for sodium-ion batteries, but current production methods are costly and hazardous.
- Optimizing precursor structure is key to enhancing sodium storage capacity and battery performance.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop a mild, eco-friendly, and scalable method for producing high-performance HC anodes from biomass.
- To investigate the structural and electrochemical properties of HC derived from selectively sulfonated bamboo.
Main Methods:
- Selective sulfonation of raw bamboo to enhance lignin hydrophilicity.
- Partial delignification and solid-liquid separation.
- Carbonization of cellulose-enriched precursors to yield HC.
Main Results:
- The produced HC exhibits thin-layered pseudo-graphitic domains, enlarged interlayer spacing, and dense closed-pore structures.
- Anodes achieved a reversible capacity of 348 mAh g⁻¹ at 30 mA g⁻¹, with 84.2% initial Coulombic efficiency.
- Excellent rate capability (241 mAh g⁻¹ at 900 mA g⁻¹) and cycling stability (97.8% retention after 500 cycles) were demonstrated.
Conclusions:
- The sustainable sulfonation pretreatment offers a viable route to high-performance HC anodes for sodium-ion batteries.
- This approach promotes efficient lignocellulosic biomass utilization and recovery of valuable byproducts like lignosulfonates.
