A guide to systematic reviews and meta-analyses in the field of epilepsy

Systematic reviews and meta-analyses (SRMAs) are increasingly used in epilepsy research to rigorously address clinical questions and inform patient care. Consequently, the ability to conduct and interpret SRMAs is essential for professionals in this field. This educational article offers a step-by-step guide to performing SRMAs, outlining eight key stages: formulating a research question, developing and publishing a protocol, conducting a comprehensive literature search, selecting studies, extracting data, assessing study quality, synthesizing results (qualitatively or quantitatively via meta-analysis), preparing and disseminating a final report. We also provide practical guidance on interpreting SRMAs, highlighting the importance of evaluating the robustness of findings and their clinical relevance. By equipping epilepsy professionals with these skills, this guide supports the advancement of evidence-based practice and the improvement of patient outcomes.