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Related Concept Videos

Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters01:20

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The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
Polyesters are commonly prepared from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; the crude product is known as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET. However, polyesters are synthesized industrially by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol at 150 °C. The two reactants and the polymer...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 16, 2026

Sampling, Sorting, and Characterizing Microplastics in Aquatic Environments with High Suspended Sediment Loads and Large Floating Debris
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Microplastic emissions in textile wet processing: Progress, challenges, and mitigation strategies.

Irfan Ali1, Le Yu1, Wenbin Jiang2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Bio-based Fiber Materials, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China; Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles (Ministry of Education), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.

The Science of the Total Environment
|October 3, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Textile production releases significant microplastics, especially during wet processing. This review explores textile microplastic pollution, its ecological impacts, and innovative mitigation strategies for sustainable manufacturing.

Keywords:
Microplastic emissionMitigation strategiesReleasing mechanismTextile industryWet processing

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Materials Science
  • Ecotoxicology

Background:

  • Textile production is a major source of microplastic pollution in aquatic environments.
  • Wet processing in textile manufacturing releases substantial and diverse microplastics, posing ecological risks.
  • Microplastics persist and spread in water, carrying toxins and harming biodiversity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review textile-derived microplastics, focusing on wet processing and domestic washing.
  • To analyze the environmental fate, ecological impacts, and human health implications of textile microplastics.
  • To explore advanced mitigation strategies for reducing microplastic discharge from textile industries.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of identification methods and environmental fate of textile microplastics.
  • Analysis of ecological and human health impacts.
  • Examination of textile wet processing and domestic washing contributions.
  • Evaluation of mitigation strategies including bioengineered materials, design, coatings, and water systems.

Main Results:

  • Wet processing is a key contributor to industrial microplastic emissions, exceeding domestic laundry.
  • Textile microplastics are mobile, persistent, and act as vectors for toxic contaminants.
  • Various mitigation strategies, from material innovation to advanced filtration, show promise.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding microplastic release mechanisms is crucial for effective pollution control.
  • Integrated approaches combining material science, textile design, and water treatment are needed.
  • Interdisciplinary collaboration is essential for sustainable textile manufacturing and reducing microplastic pollution.