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Updated: Jan 16, 2026

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Published on: March 14, 2018
Developmental trajectory of prosocial behavior between 1 and 3 years: roles of infant and parental predictors
Mei Wu1, Xi Liang1, Nanhua Cheng1
1Research Center for Child Development, Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China.
Abstract:
The third year of life represents a critical period for formative developmental change, characterized by the rapid integration and expansion of fundamental behavioral systems. This longitudinal study investigated the developmental trajectory of prosocial behavior in children between 12 and 36 months of age, with a specific focus on the influence of infant social evaluation, contagious crying, and parental prosociality. The sample consisted of 214 Chinese infants (102 girls, 112 boys) and their families, assessed at 6, 14, 24, and 36 months. Analyses based on the full sample indicated a significant increase in prosocial behavior over time. Further examination of a subset of 89 infants revealed that infant social evaluation was positively associated with the initial level of prosocial behavior. Maternal prosocial tendencies significantly predicted the initial level of prosocial behavior, whereas paternal prosocial tendencies were positively associated with its growth rate. These findings underscore the distinct roles of maternal and paternal influences on early prosocial development within a Chinese cultural context.
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