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Deep-sea mining risks for sharks, rays, and chimaeras.

Aaron B Judah¹, Christopher G Mull², Nicholas K Dulvy³

¹Department of Oceanography, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.

Current Biology : CB

|October 3, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Deep-sea mining threatens sharks, rays, and chimaeras in international waters. Many species face increased extinction risk due to mining impacts on their habitats and food sources.

Keywords:

ETP species benthopelagic connectivity cobalt-rich crusts conservation planning cumulative impacts endangered, threatened, and protected species polymetallic nodules polymetallic sulfides

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Area of Science:

Marine biology
Conservation science
Deep-sea ecology

Background:

Deep-sea mining poses significant risks to marine biodiversity and ecosystem function.
Chondrichthyans (sharks, rays, and chimaeras) are vital components of deep-sea ecosystems.
Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction (ABNJ) host unique and vulnerable deep-sea fauna.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess the potential impacts of deep-sea mining on sharks, rays, and chimaeras in ABNJ.
To identify species vulnerable to mining-related disturbances, including benthic and plume impacts.
To evaluate the overlap between species' distributions and anticipated deep-sea mining footprints.

Main Methods:

Spatial overlap analysis between 30 chondrichthyan species and projected mining areas in ABNJ.
Assessment of vertical depth range overlap with benthic and discharge plumes.
Evaluation of species' life history traits (e.g., egg-laying, feeding guilds) for susceptibility.

Main Results:

30 chondrichthyan species were identified with spatial overlap with deep-sea mining footprints.
83% of species overlapped with the benthic mining footprint, and 100% with discharge plumes.
17 species had >50% depth overlap with benthic impacts; filter-feeders overlapped with discharge plumes.
60% of affected species are already threatened, with 64.3% predicted to become threatened.

Conclusions:

Deep-sea mining activities are likely to exacerbate extinction risks for vulnerable chondrichthyan populations in ABNJ.
Updated risk assessments and robust monitoring are crucial before and during mining operations.
Spatial protections and careful management of discharge plumes are recommended to mitigate impacts on deep-sea fauna.