Recent progress in histone post-translational modifications as regulators of metabolic diseases: A review

Histone post-translational modifications (PTMs) are epigenetic mechanisms that regulate protein activity, localization, and gene expression by altering chromatin states. Through individual or synergistic effects, PTMs dynamically modulate protein functions, contributing to metabolic homeostasis and disease pathogenesis. Recent advances in mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics, particularly liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) platforms, have enabled systematic mapping of PTM dynamics. Building on these technological advancements, this review comprehensively classifies PTM types, elucidates their roles in disease-associated signaling pathways, and discusses cutting-edge detection methods. Furthermore, we highlight therapeutic strategies targeting PTMs, offering new insights into drug development for metabolic dysregulation. Integrating mechanistic insights with clinical applications, this work informs the rational development of future PTM-targeted interventions.