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Related Concept Videos

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance02:40

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance

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Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
Cancer stem cells are thought to originate from tissue-specific normal stem cells or progenitor cells. The normal stem cells usually reside in...
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Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
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Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
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Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 16, 2026

Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Melanoma Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes
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Reprogramming T cell stemness against cancer.

Jiaqi Wang1, Ruochen Yan1, Dingjiacheng Jia2

  • 1Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China; Institution of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China.

Trends in Cancer
|October 3, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Stem-like CD8+ T cells, known as progenitor exhausted T (Tpex) cells, are vital for lasting antitumor immunity and respond well to therapies. Enhancing their stemness offers new cancer treatment possibilities.

Keywords:
TCF-1cancergut microbiotaimmune checkpoint blockadeprogenitor exhausted T cellsstemness

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Stem-like CD8+ T cells, or progenitor exhausted T (Tpex) cells, express TCF-1 and are key to durable antitumor immunity.
  • These cells possess self-renewal capacity, multipotency, and improved responses to immune checkpoint blockade therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of Tpex cell biology, including their characteristics, distribution, and role in antitumor immunity.
  • To explore innovative strategies for preserving and enhancing T cell stemness in cancer therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review synthesizing current research on Tpex cell biology.
  • Focus on emerging therapeutic approaches targeting T cell stemness.

Main Results:

  • Tpex cells are crucial for sustained immune responses against tumors.
  • Various strategies, including combination therapies, cytokine modulation, epigenetic regulation, TME modification, and microbiota interventions, can enhance T cell stemness.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting T cell stemness represents a promising next-generation immunotherapy frontier.
  • These approaches hold significant potential for improving cancer patient outcomes.