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Bioprinting Cellularized Constructs Using a Tissue-specific Hydrogel Bioink

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Published on: April 21, 2016

Bioinspired thermoreversible bioink orchestrates focal adhesion-dependent osteogenesis.

Tanmay Gupta¹, Pritish Rath², Viktoriya Pakharenko¹

¹Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Trends in Biotechnology

|October 3, 2025

Summary

This study introduces a novel bioink for bone tissue engineering, creating strong, bone-like scaffolds that promote new bone growth. These advanced materials offer a promising solution for bone regeneration.

Keywords:

3D bioprinting biofabrication bone tissue engineering calcium phosphate cement thermoreversible bioink

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Ceramic Omnidirectional Bioprinting in Cell-Laden Suspensions for the Generation of Bone Analogs

Ceramic Omnidirectional Bioprinting in Cell-Laden Suspensions for the Generation of Bone Analogs

Published on: August 8, 2022

Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Regenerative Medicine
Tissue Engineering

Background:

Bone extracellular matrix (bECM) integration in bone tissue engineering (BTE) is crucial but underexplored.
Developing biomimetic materials that mimic native bone properties is essential for effective BTE.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a novel bioink for load-bearing 3D bioprinting (LB-3DBP) by synergistically integrating bECM macromolecules.
To create advanced, multi-material scaffolds that combine mechanical strength with bioactivity for enhanced bone regeneration.

Main Methods:

A novel 'thermoreversible ionic-covalent entangled (TRICE) bioink' composed of gelatin and kappa-carrageenan (κC) was developed.
LB-3DBP was employed, integrating the TRICE bioink with a calcium phosphate (CaP)-based ink.
In vivo studies were conducted using rabbit femoral condyle models.

Main Results:

The TRICE bioink demonstrated high cell viability (>92%), excellent printability, and osteogenic capacity.
LB-3DBP scaffolds achieved a compressive modulus of ~33.2 MPa, comparable to trabecular bone, and significantly enhanced strength.
Scaffolds promoted cell adhesion, proliferation, MAPK/ERK-mediated osteogenic differentiation, and facilitated de novo bone formation and remodeling in vivo within 8 weeks.

Conclusions:

This study presents a biomimetic, multi-material platform for BTE that successfully bridges mechanical resilience and bioactivity.
The developed LB-3DBP scaffolds are fully bioresorbable, patient-specific, and recapitulate native bone properties.
This scalable approach offers a promising solution for personalized bone regeneration.