Spondias pinnata mediated silver nanoparticles with antibiofilm and catalytic potential

In the quest for advancing bio-conjugated metal nanoparticle synthesis as a promising avenue in biochemistry, this study emphasizes the optimized fabrication of silver nanoparticles mediated by Spondias pinnata. The synthesized silver nanoparticles (SP-AgNPs) exhibited remarkable colloidal stability for 6-7 months at ambient temperature (25 ± 4 °C) supported by a highly negative zeta potential of -37 mV. Characterization via HR-TEM, XRD, XPS, ICP-OES, and DLS studies confirmed the spherical morphology of the SP-AgNPs, with an average diameter of 32 ± 5 nm and a face-centered cubic (fcc) arrangement of particles. The SP-AgNPs demonstrated significant antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli) MTCC 118 strain and catalytic dye degradation activity against methylene blue (MB). Notable antibacterial activity in planktonic growth assays with inhibition zones of 6.15 mm and 6.9 mm and 63.51% reduction in bacterial proliferation at concentrations of 150 µg/mL and 175 µg/mL, respectively were observed for SP-AgNps. At 175 µg/mL, biofilm formation was also suppressed by 55.55% along with a pronounced reduction in bacterial motility.In addition, SP-AgNPs facilitated a maximum of 86% dye degradation efficiency adhering to pseudo-first-order kinetics with a rate constant of 0.01991 min⁻¹.These findings underscore the potential of SP-AgNPs as multifunctional silver nanoparticles with promising applications in both biomedical and environmental domains.