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The Modular Design and Production of an Intelligent Robot Based on a Closed-Loop Control Strategy
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AI-embodied multi-modal flexible electronic robots with programmable sensing, actuating and self-learning.

Junfeng Li1, Zhangyu Xu2, Nanpei Li1

  • 1School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China.

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|October 3, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents novel flexible electronic robots capable of advanced environmental interaction. These robots exhibit enhanced adaptability, perception, and autonomous decision-making for complex tasks.

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Area of Science:

  • Robotics
  • Materials Science
  • Artificial Intelligence

Background:

  • Small-scale soft robots face challenges in environmental interaction, including terrain adaptability, perception, and autonomous decision-making.
  • Existing soft robotic platforms often lack integrated sensing, actuation, and computational capabilities for robust environmental engagement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a new framework for small-scale soft robots with enhanced environmental intelligence.
  • To develop flexible electronic robots capable of multimodal locomotion and adaptive behaviors in diverse environments.

Main Methods:

  • Constructed robots using programmable flexible electronic components and setae modules.
  • Integrated multimodal sensing (proprioception and exteroception) and actuation with embedded computing.
  • Applied modular design for configuring topology, actuation, and circuits, enabling autonomous decision-making via embodied AI.

Main Results:

  • Achieved multimodal locomotion, including vertical surface traversal, directional control, and obstacle navigation.
  • Implemented comprehensive proprioception and exteroception for dynamic condition monitoring.
  • Demonstrated autonomous behaviors such as hazard evasion and thermal gradient tracking through adaptive decision-making.

Conclusions:

  • The developed integrated platform enhances environmental intelligence in small-scale soft robots.
  • The modular design and embodied AI framework enable adaptive operation and autonomous decision-making.
  • This work establishes a foundation for creating sophisticated soft robots with superior environmental interaction capabilities.